An Earth Alliance space fleet stationed at the Ptolemaeus Lunar Base. The 8th Fleet is led by Admiral Lewis Halberton, the primary proponent of the Gundam development project, who commands the fleet from his flagship Menelaos.

One of the Earth Alliance's first mobile suit test corps, equipped with the new Strike Dagger production model. The 13th Autonomous Corps is deployed during the Battle of Panama, but when the electromagnetic shielding of the Strike Dagger proves ineffective against ZAFT's Gungnir System, the corps' mobile suits are immobilized and its surviving pilots executed by the vengeful soldiers of ZAFT.

The official name of the Earth Alliance special forces unit commonly known as Phantom Pain.

A company associated with the Earth Alliance which specializes in the development of heavy mobile armors. The mobile armors created by this company, such as the Zamza-Zah and Gells-Ghe, are huge and powerful machines which bear little resemblance to the earlier Moebius series.

An economic and military cooperative formed by the nations of the northern half of the African continent. Friendly to the PLANTs and hostile to the Earth Alliance, the African Community is now effectively ZAFT territory. Nonetheless, a handful of local resistance groups, like the Desert Dawn group based in the Libyan desert, continue to fight a guerilla war against the ZAFT occupation.

This nation is the dominant power in the Earth Alliance, and the creator of the Archangel and the prototype Gundams. Before the war, the Atlantic Federation was the most influential of the sponsor nations which funded the construction of the PLANTs and then forced their Coordinator inhabitants into economic bondage. When the leadership of the United Nations was wiped out by a terror attack at the lunar city of Copernicus, the Atlantic Federation took the lead in organizing the Earth Alliance and issuing a declaration of war against the PLANTs.

The Atlantic Federation was originally formed from the nations of Britain and North America. At the beginning of the first war it expanded its territory by annexing the United States of South America, but this conquest is eventually undone when the Junius Treaty restores South America's independence.

During the first war the Atlantic Federation's major military base, the JOSH-A facility in Alaska, doubles as the headquarters of the Earth Alliance forces. After the destruction of JOSH-A, its functions are transferred to Heavens Base in Iceland.

The most radical of the anti-Coordinator activist groups formed by resentful Naturals. According to the Blue Cosmos ideology, genetic modification is a violation of the natural order, and all Coordinators must be exterminated "for the preservation of our blue and pure world."

Blue Cosmos was originally an environmental pressure group, but after the revelation of George Glenn's secret in C.E. 15, the organization launched a campaign of terror and assassination against Coordinators and the medical professionals who were working to create them. It is believed that the group is supported by the Azrael Conglomerate, a powerful industrial concern which is one of the Atlantic Federation's major military contractors.

After the first war between Earth and the PLANTs, Lord Djibril becomes the new leader of Blue Cosmos, and the organization continues to create conflict between Naturals and Coordinators.

After the theft of the Freedom Gundam, former PLANT Supreme Council chairman Siegel Clyne is branded a traitor. Clyne and his followers become fugitives, waging an underground campaign of resistance to the radical leadership of Patrick Zala. This Clyne faction carries on the fight even after Siegel himself is gunned down, working within the PLANTs to thwart Patrick Zala's plans.

A resistance group based in northern Africa, in modern-day Libya, which fights against the ZAFT forces who have effectively taken control of the African Community. The group is led by the grizzled guerilla fighter Sahib Ashman, and its members are recruited from local towns like Tassil and Moula, as well as the city of Banadiya.

An international coalition formed by the PLANT sponsor nations and their terrestrial allies to battle the forces of ZAFT. The Earth Alliance is not a single political entity, but rather a collaboration between several individual nations, which regard each other as potential adversaries even though they are currently united against a common foe. The dominant powers within the Earth Alliance are the Atlantic Federation, the Eurasian Federation, and the Republic of East Asia, all three of which invested heavily in the construction of the PLANTs. The South African Union and the United States of South America are junior partners in the Alliance, with the latter having been forcibly annexed by the Atlantic Federation at the start of the war.

The Earth Alliance was formally established on February 7, C.E. 70, two days after final negotiations between the PLANTs and the sponsor nations were disrupted by a terror bombing at the lunar city of Copernicus. The Alliance was created as a successor to the former United Nations, whose leadership was wiped out in the Copernicus attack, and like its predecessor it's nominally an international organization headed by a moderate secretary-general. However, in practice it's little more than a military alliance dominated by the Atlantic Federation and its fellow PLANT sponsor nations.

At the beginning of C.E. 71, the Alliance is headquartered at the JOSH-A Base in Alaska. At the beginning of C.E. 71 its other major strongholds include the Kaohsiung spaceport in Taiwan, the Panama spaceport in Central America, the Victoria spaceport in eastern Africa, and the Ptolemaeus Lunar Base. After the destruction of JOSH-A and the Ptolemaeus Base in the first war, their functions are transferred to Heavens Base in Iceland and the Arzachel Lunar Base.

An economic union made up of several equatorial nations in Southeast Asia. Each member of the Equatorial Union follows its own independent course where military and diplomatic matters are concerned, and although the union itself is neutral in the current conflict, its member nations have economic dealings with both the PLANTs and the Earth Alliance.

One of the leading powers within the Earth Alliance, this nation is a longtime rival, and now uneasy ally, of the Atlantic Federation. Originally formed from the nations of Europe and northern Asia, the Eurasian Federation is governed by a federal council dominated by the nations of the European region. Among its strategic assets is the space fortress Artemis, located at Lagrange point 3.

When a new war breaks out between Earth and the PLANTs, the Eurasian Federation once again sides with the Atlantic Federation. Meanwhile, its citizens become increasingly vocal in their demands for independence. As the war continues, ZAFT forces begin to intervene on behalf of these independence movements, liberating their homes and cities from Eurasian Federation control.

A ZAFT special forces organization whose members report directly to the PLANT Supreme Council. The members of this elite organization operate outside the regular ZAFT command structure, and have the authority to plan operations and give orders on the battlefield as they see fit. FAITH membership is awarded only to individuals with distinguished combat records and excellent personal qualities.

The secret society that controls Blue Cosmos. Logos is made up of a handful of powerful industrialists and defense contractors who see war as a business, and manipulate world events to profit from the misery it creates. Using agents such as Blue Cosmos and Phantom Pain, Logos works from behind the scenes to create conflict and fan the flames of war. Lord Djibril, the current leader of Blue Cosmos, is among the members of this organization.

A research institute based at the space colony Mendel, which was once a leading specialist in Coordinator production and was thus targeted by the radical anti-Coordinator group Blue Cosmos. The GARM R&D facility was abandoned, along with the Mendel colony, following a biohazard outbreak in C.E. 68.

One of Earth's smaller neutral nations. This is the birthplace of PLANT Supreme Council chairman Siegel Clyne.

A company based in the PLANTs of Martius City which develops and produces weapons for the ZAFT forces. MA is the creator of the heavy swords used by the GINN and CGUE, and later goes on to reproduce the beam sabers and beam rifles used by the Earth Alliance's prototype Gundams for use by ZAFT's own mobile suits.

A company based in the PLANTs of Maius City, where the GINN was first placed into production, which develops and produces weapons for the ZAFT forces. MMI specializes in machine guns, railguns, and Close-In Weapon Systems (CIWS).

A semi-nationalized munitions company based in the Orb Union, which also maintains facilities at the resource satellite Heliopolis. Although its primary clients are the armed forces of the neutral nation Orb, Morgenroete has been secretly collaborating with the Atlantic Federation on its Gundam development project and on the construction of the warship Archangel. On January 20, C.E. 71, five prototype Gundam mobile suits are rolled out at the company's Heliopolis factory, and five days later the facility is attacked by ZAFT commandos, drawing Kira Yamato and his friends into the conflict.

A union whose territory encompasses the Australian continent and its neighboring nations. Since it wasn't one of the sponsor nations that profited from the economic exploitation of the PLANTs, the Oceania Union was quick to ally itself with them as tensions increased between the PLANTs and their terrestrial sponsors. In C.E. 68 the Oceania Union agreed to covertly exchange shipments of food and manufactured goods with the PLANTs, and on February 20, C.E. 70, it formally declared its support for the PLANTs in their struggle against the Earth Alliance. The Oceania Union went on to host the Carpentaria Base, ZAFT's first terrestrial stronghold.

The formal name of the Earth Alliance's military forces, which are more commonly referred to as the Earth Alliance Forces, or simply Earth Forces.

An island nation in the southern Pacific Ocean, which possesses considerable industrial and military power despite its small size and lack of natural resources. Its assets include high technology, an abundant supply of geothermal energy thanks to its numerous active volcanoes, and a policy of nondiscrimination against Coordinators which has enriched Orb's talent pool. The Orb Union also has its own mass driver and controls its own space colony, the resource satellite Heliopolis.

In Orb's complex political system, power is shared between an elected assembly and representatives of the five noble families who originally ruled over the islands. Its chief representative, Uzumi Nara Athha, declared the nation neutral at the beginning of the current conflict. However, there are policy disagreements among the noble families, and some of them are secretly assisting the Atlantic Federation with its Gundam development project in order to borrow its technology for Orb's own armed forces.

After the end of the first war, Cagalli Yula Athha succeeds her father as chief representative and seeks to continue his policy of neutrality. Nonetheless, many powerful figures within the Orb government continue to favor the Earth Alliance, among them Prime Minister Unato Ema Seiran.

When the Earth Alliance at last obtains the blueprints for the N-Jammer Canceler, its leaders consider using this technology to address Earth's energy crisis, but ultimately decide to focus their resources on retaliating against the PLANTs instead. On July 16, C.E. 71, the Alliance leadership orders the development of nuclear missiles equipped with N-Jammer Cancelers, and a special mobile armor taskforce is organized to deliver these missiles to their targets.

The Peacemaker Force makes its first sortie on September 23, successfully destroying the space fortress Boaz, and continues on to attack the Coordinator homeland three days later.

The nickname of the Earth Alliance's 81st Autonomous Mobile Group, which carries out the attack on Armory One. Although this elite special forces organization is made up of Earth Alliance personnel and equipment, it is actually an irregular unit under the direct control of the Logos secret society. Phantom Pain has the authority to borrow resources from the regular Earth Alliance forces as it sees fit, and it employs forbidden technology such as Mirage Colloid stealth systems despite the restrictions of the Junius Treaty.

A temporary governing body led by former PLANT Supreme Council member Eileen Canaver, which takes control after the second Battle of Jachin Due and negotiates a peace treaty with the Earth Alliance. After the conclusion of the Junius Treaty, the Provisional Supreme Council is dissolved and Gilbert Durandal replaces Canaver as chairman of the PLANT Supreme Council.

The executive committee which governs the PLANTs and controls the ZAFT forces. The dozen members of this supreme council serve as elected representatives of the twelve sectors, or "cities," into which the PLANTs are grouped. The council itself meets at Aprilius One, the administrative capital of the PLANTs.

Each member of the council is assigned to one of its five specialized committees - Administrative, Diplomatic, Judicial, Legislative, or National Defense. Each of these committees has its own chairman, and the overall council is chaired by a Supreme Council chairman. The council is also divided along political lines, with a roughly even split between radicals who seek to escalate the war, and moderates who hope to end the conflict through negotiation. At the beginning of C.E. 71, the council's membership is as follows:

The third major power within the Earth Alliance. Along with the Atlantic Federation and Eurasian Federation, the Republic of East Asia was one of the primary sponsors of the PLANT construction project. Though its political influence is no match for that of the Alliance's leading powers, its large population gives it a high industrial production capacity. Originally made up of the modern-day nations of China, Japan, and Korea, the Republic of East Asia encompasses much of the Asian region.

The fourth member of the Earth Alliance is a collective formed by the nations of southern Africa. Unlike the Alliance's other member nations, the South African Union was not a sponsor of the PLANT construction project, and thus has no economic stake in the conflict. Instead, its participation in the war appears to have been motivated by its antagonism towards the PLANT-aligned African Community. However, the South African Union has fared badly in the fighting, and is now in the process of dropping out.

An independent force made up of the warships Archangel, Kusanagi, and Eternal. After these three ships rendezvous at the Mendel colony on July 5, C.E. 71, they begin working together to end the conflict between the Earth Alliance and the PLANTs. They are aided by remnants of the defeated Orb Union, the Clyne Faction within the PLANTs, and moderate factions within the Alliance.

A nation which formerly controlled much of Central and South America, and collaborated with the Atlantic Federation in the construction of the Porta Panama mass driver. Before the outbreak of war, the United States of South America had aligned itself with the PLANTs and made arrangements to covertly exchange shipments of food and manufactured goods, and it refused to join the Earth Alliance once open hostilities began. On February 19, C.E. 70, Alliance forces launched an armed invasion of this nation, and its territory was annexed by the Atlantic Federation. However, its independence is restored with the conclusion of the Junius Treaty on March 10, C.E. 72.

A new international organization created by the Atlantic Federation after the fall of Junius Seven. Although the World Security Treaty Organization is nominally separate from the Earth Alliance, and concerned mainly with disaster relief in the wake of the Break The World incident, the terrestrial nations that join this organization effectively become allies of the Atlantic Federation and members of the Earth Alliance.

The military forces of the PLANTs. ZAFT is a militia made up of civilian volunteers, and the organization has no formal rank structure, so its members are instead addressed by descriptive titles like "commander" and "captain." The ZAFT forces are organized into independent teams named after their commanders, and much like the modern-day U.S. Marines these teams can operate equally well on land, at sea, in air, or in outer space. Since ZAFT's membership is made up of genetically enhanced Coordinators, its forces are more than a match for the numerically superior Earth Alliance.

ZAFT was originally a political organization called the Zodiac Alliance, which was founded in C.E. 50 by Siegel Clyne and Patrick Zala. The Zodiac Alliance took on its present name in C.E. 65, and three years later it was reorganized to become an explicitly military organization equipped with the revolutionary new weapons known as mobile suits. The ZAFT forces are currently subject to the authority of the PLANT Supreme Council, and report directly to the chairman of the National Defense Committee.